The story of Al Baqarah
The name of the surah Al Baqarah is taken from an incidence that happened at the time of Prophet Musa (as) and is retold in the quran, [qs:2:67-71] and summarised in this hadith that is also a part of the forty hadith collected by Imam Nawawi:
On the authority of Abu Hurairah, who said : I heared the messenger of Allah say : "What I have forbidden to you, avoid; what I have ordered you [to do], do as much of it as you can. It was only their excessive questioning and their disagreeing with their prophets that destroyed those who were before you." Related bu Bukhari and Muslim
This is only apart of the story, and has been expanded on in the commentary of the qur'an done by the famous muslim scholar Ibn Kathir: