Umrah is a beautiful and deeply spiritual pilgrimage that Muslims can perform at any time of the year. Unlike Hajj, which is obligatory once in a lifetime for those who are able, Umrah is a voluntary act of worship that carries immense reward. It involves visiting the sacred city of Mecca to perform specific rituals in devotion to Allah.
Understanding how to perform Umrah properly ensures a more meaningful and spiritually uplifting experience. Below is a simple step-by-step guide to help first-time pilgrims prepare for and complete this holy journey, along with insights from the Quran and visits to significant sacred sites.
What Is Umrah?
Umrah is often referred to as the "lesser pilgrimage." It consists of a set of rituals performed in Mecca, including Ihram, Tawaf, Sa'i, and shaving or cutting the hair. While it's not mentioned in detail like Hajj in the Quran, the Umrah in the Quran is referenced in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:196):
"And complete the Hajj and Umrah for Allah..."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:196)
This verse reminds us that Umrah, while not mandatory, is an act of devotion and a way to draw closer to Allah.
Step-by-Step Guide to Performing Umrah
1. Make Niyyah (Intention)
Begin by making a sincere intention to perform Umrah solely for the sake of Allah. This intention should be made before entering the state of Ihram.
2. Enter the State of Ihram
Ihram is a state of sacredness in which specific worldly actions are prohibited. For men, this involves wearing two white unstitched cloths. Women wear modest clothing that meets Islamic guidelines but does not require a specific color.
You must enter into Ihram at one of the designated Miqat points (entry stations to Mecca), depending on where you're traveling from. At this point, say the Talbiyah:
"Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk, Labbayka La Shareeka Laka Labbayk..."
This phrase expresses your readiness to answer the call of Allah.
3. Tawaf (Circling the Kaaba)
Once you arrive at Masjid al-Haram, begin your Umrah with Tawaf. This involves walking around the Kaaba seven times in a counter-clockwise direction.
Start at the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad), if possible, touch or point toward it before beginning each round. This act is one of the most symbolic steps in Umrah, as you circle the House of Allah in worship and humility.
4. Pray Two Rakat at Maqam Ibrahim
After completing Tawaf, proceed to Maqam Ibrahim, the place where Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) stood while building the Kaaba. Here, offer two units of prayer (rakat) as part of the Sunnah of Umrah.
5. Drink Zamzam Water
Next, drink Zamzam water, which is available throughout the Masjid al-Haram. It is highly recommended and spiritually beneficial, as it is linked to the miracle provided to Hajar and her son Ismail (peace be upon them).
6. Sa'i Between Safa and Marwah
The next ritual is Sa'i, which involves walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, located within Masjid al-Haram. This commemorates the devotion and struggle of Hajar, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim, in search of water for her son.
Begin at Safa, reciting:
"Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah..."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:158)
This verse highlights how Sa'i is part of the sacred sites established by Allah.
7. Halq or Taqsir (Shaving or Cutting the Hair)
The final step in Umrah is to exit the state of Ihram by shaving (for men) or trimming (for women) the hair. Men can either completely shave their heads (Halq) or shorten their hair (Taqsir), though shaving is considered more rewarding.
Women should cut a small portion of hair, usually the length of a fingertip.
Visiting Other Sacred Sites in Mecca and Medina
Though not a formal part of Umrah, many pilgrims also choose to visit nearby sacred sites to deepen their spiritual experience:
Jabal al-Noor – Where the first revelation was received by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Cave of Thawr – Where the Prophet hid during his migration to Medina.
Masjid Quba in Medina – The first mosque built in Islam.
Mount Uhud – The site of the historic battle of Uhud.
These visits enable pilgrims to connect with Islamic history and gain a deeper appreciation for the journey of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions.
Final Thoughts
Performing Umrah is an enriching experience for any Muslim. Following the steps with sincerity and devotion can bring immense spiritual benefits. The Umrah, as mentioned in the Quran, reminds us of the importance of fulfilling this journey purely for Allah's sake, while visiting sacred sites enriches the heart and strengthens our faith.
Whether you're traveling alone or with loved ones, planning your trip carefully ensures a smooth and memorable pilgrimage. For those traveling in groups, consider booking Group Umrah Packages for better guidance, convenience, and shared spiritual growth.